The consultative workshop wheat selfsufficiency in ethiopia. Einkorn wheat triticum monococcum emmer and durum wheat triticum turgidum bread wheats triticum aestivum source. These are accompanied as a package by a number of improved crop management agronomiccultural practices, soil. Wheat is mainly grown in the highlands, planted in the summer before the main rainy season, and harvested in octobernovember. Determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production.
It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat strains formerly grown. Below you will find the last recordings for the indicator. Wheat is among the most important staple food crops in ethiopia produced at 1. Grain and flour market in ethiopia miller magazine. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis based on. Though productivity is increasing in ethiopia, yield per hectare is only a quarter of the highest yielding countries. The improved durum and bread wheat materials, particularly those with rust resistance and processing quality, seem to have great potential for deployment in east africa, including ethiopia. Weed control research conducted on wheat in ethiopia. Effect of rate and time of nitrogen fertilizer application.
Wheat species possess an erect smooth stem with linear leaves that grow in two rows on either side of the stem with larger flag leaves at the top of the stem. Wheat is one of the major cereal crops in the ethiopian highlands, which range between 6 and 16 n, 35 and 42 e, and from 1500 m to 28 m. It is used to make bread, pasta, cake, crackers, cookies, pastries, flour, and many other foodstuffs. However, durum wheat is no longer just a staple crop for food security but. Durum wheat grain is also consumed traditionally in ethiopia in the form of whole wheat, fermented and leavened local. Phenotypic diversity in ethiopian durum wheat triticum. Wheat and barley production in the country is very low compared to other grain varieties but it increases consistently each passing day.
Performance of four new leaf rustresistance genes transferred to common wheat from ae. Durum wheat was the main wheat crop both in terms of area and production, but this has changed dramatically since the mid1980s with the release and dissemination of semidwarf, high yielding and adaptable. Durum wheat, grown mostly in north dakota and the desert southwest, is used to make pasta. Among common wheat, the main varieties are spring and winter. We also have the white wheat which goes into the commercial production of bread.
Low soil fertility is one of the constraints in durum. Effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on durum. Key statistics about wheat in ethiopia production has increased as a result of higher yields wheat production in ethiopia has significantly increased over the past 20 years. Now, approximately 80% of the wheat area in ethiopia is planted to bread wheat, implying that 20% of the wheat area is planted to durum wheat.
Identification of stripe rust resistance in ethiopian durum. Cultivation and potential expansion in subsaharan africa. International starch institute 2001 wild einkorn wheat is the primary ancestor for every variety of wheat found today as well as most other varieties of barley and rye smith 603. Durum wheat in canada is referred to by its market classification as cwad canada western amber durum. In 2019, wheat production for ethiopia was 4,800 tonnes. In ethiopia, durum wheat grain is most important for industrial. In recent years, wheat became one of the most important cereal crops in ethiopia ranking 3rd in total grain production 17. Prospects and challenges of wheat production in ethiopia.
We harvest ethiopia wheat after monitoring the gradual alternation of color from green to gold. Identification of stripe rust resistance in ethiopian. Ethiopia wheat is the number one in production levels in africa. Pre extension demonstration of wheat technology southern. Regional patterns and trends alemayehu seyoum taffesse, paul dorosh and sinafikeh asrat development strategy and governance division, international food policy research institute, ethiopia strategy support program ii, ethiopia ifpriaddis ababa p. In the highlands of ethiopia and the oases of the sahara this crop has been cultivated for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests that naked emmer reached ethiopia approximately 5000 years ago 31, probably arriving from the levantine, through egypt, along the silk road 32. Screening of diverse ethiopian durum wheat accessions for. Wheat production and area under cultivation have increased significantly in the last decade and ethiopia is among africas top three wheat producers, but the country still imports on average 1. Importance of pesticides for growing wheat in subsaharan.
In comparison with other cereals, a relatively large percentage of wheat between 5 and 10 percent is produced on largescale farms. Wheat is among the most important crops in ethiopia, ranking fourth in total cereals production. Usda national agricultural statistics service charts. Today emmer wheat occupies approximately 7% of the wheat production in ethiopia under the local name of aja. Although most of the wheat grown in ethiopia is bread wheat, both bread and durum wheat are widely grown in the country constituting about 60% and 40% of the total wheat production, respectively cimmyt, 2014. Simple sequence repeat diversity of a worldwide collection. Prospects and challenges of wheat production inethiopia. Ethiopia is the second largest wheat producer in subsaharan africa, after south africa. Tessema and bechere 2 reported that improved durum varieties are grown on less than 20% of durum wheat cultivation area, because of a lack of a modern seed market and farmers low purchasing power.
The latter is 35 percent of the total cereal in the country while the durum cultivar is 65 percent of the total production levels. Box 5466, aleppo, syria b department ofagronomy, wageningen. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 47 1993 3146 31 elsevier science publishers b. This paper employs a cobbdouglas type production function to estimate the impacts of various farm inputs on cereal crop production of the peasant farm sector in ethiopia. Challenges and opportunities took place in addis ababa, ethiopia, on november 23, 2018. Addis ababa, ethiopia 9 october 2012in releasing the first ever comprehensive report on subsaharan. The production function is estimated for the major food crops, teff, wheat, maize, barley and sorghum, using seemingly unrelated regression estimation sure. Effect of integrating entomopathogenic fungi and botanical. Durum wheat grain is also consumed traditionally in ethiopia in the form of whole wheat, fermented and leavened local bread. In ethiopia s growth and transformation plan2 gtp ii, the goe has prioritized wheat as a major implementation strategy, with targets to increase bread and durum wheat production volumes from a collective. Purchase durum wheat chemistry and technology 2nd edition. Agronomy free fulltext durum wheat triticum durum desf. Effect of rate and time of nitrogen fertilizer application on.
A wheat selfsufficiency roadmap for ethiopias future. Global production of durum wheat is 35 million tons per year. Ethiopia s bread wheat and durum wheat value chains are strategically important to the government of ethiopia goe. The agency has the distinction of being known as the fact finders of u. Cereal crops research achievements and challenges in ethiopia. Interestingly, ethiopia, with surprisingly low yield.
Production ethiopia is the second largest wheat producer in subsaharan africa, after south africa. A national wheat taskforce led by eiar will start implementing a roadmap in the coming days, with the first effects expected for the next planting season in early 2019. Compared to maize, teff and sorghum, it is the third and fourth important crop in terms of production and production area respectively. In ethiopia, durum wheat grain is most important for industrial pasta and macaroni productions 5. Out of the total wheat production, 7580 percent is hard red wheat used to make bread and durum makes up roughly 1015 percent. Small grain production and use wheat although most of californias wheat production is classified as fallsown hard red spring wheat, other wheat classes hard red winter, soft white winter, soft white spring, hard red spring, hard white, and durum are also produced in california. Usda national agricultural statistics service information. Determination of soil p for optimum durum wheat production in. Durum wheat triticum durum desf variety utuba performance in ethiopia mekuria temtme, wasihun legese, shitaye homa and asenafi gemechu ethiopian institute of agricultural research eiar, ethiopia submission.
Compared to maize, teff and sorghum, it is the third and fourth important crop in terms of production and production area respectively 1. There is some durum wheat grown, but this is commonly mixed in with bread wheat in the fields. Pdf prospects and challenges of wheat production in. Durum wheat is the only tetraploid wheat species of commercial importance that is widely cultivated today. Evidence from major wheat producing regions of the country conference paper pdf available october 2012 with 4,955 reads how we. These are accompanied as a package by a number of improved crop management agronomiccultural practices, soil and water management, pest management. Ethiopia has significant wheat production potential report. Wheat is one of the oldest and most important of the cereal crops. Wheat triticum aestivum l is the most extensively grown cereal crop in the world, covering about 237 million hectares annually, accounting for a total of 420 million tonnes isitor et al. Information from collected literature for ethiopia to be. Wheat is among the most important crops in ethiopia, ranking fourth in total cereals production 16.
Evidence from major wheat producing regions of the country mesay yami, fekadu fufa, terfe fita and sultan usman wheat regional center of excellence wrcoe eastern africa agricultural productivity project eaapp wheat. Adoption of improved wheat varieties and impacts on. Dec 06, 2018 a national wheat taskforce led by eiar will start implementing a roadmap in the coming days, with the first effects expected for the next planting season in early 2019. Value chain study on wheat industry in ethiopia o inadequate supply of quality and quantity wheat is the maintheme of milling factories. It grows under rainfed conditions and it is the fourth most essential crop after maize in the nation. Ethiopia has been considered as a center of diversity and the second possible center of domestication of durum wheat. Oct 29, 2012 prospects and challenges of wheat production in ethiopia. Durum wheat was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat grown in central europe and near east around 7000 b.
In ethiopias growth and transformation plan2 gtp ii, the goe has prioritized wheat as a major implementation strategy, with targets to increase bread and durum wheat production volumes from a collective. Durum wheat triticum durum desf variety utuba performance. Immediate opportunity to invest in a wheat processing. The eighth regional wheat workshop for eastern, central and southern africa. Moreover, this production is provided by millions of small farmers through a. While bread wheat is a recent introduction to ethiopia, durum wheat is indigenous and mainly grown in the central and northern highlands. Durum wheat is an important food crop in the world and an endemic species of subsaharan africa ssa. To respond to the ever escalating prices of chemical fertilizers and getting optimum crop production per unit usage of fertilizers for the continually increasing population, an onfarm soil test based phosphorous determination research experiment was. Today, smallholder farmers still grow it on marginal lands to assure production for their own consumption. Wheat, any of several species of cereal grasses of the genus triticum and their edible grains. Durum wheat production department of primary industries. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production.
Before wheat production of ethiopia started to increase to reach a level of 4,800 tonnes in 2019, it went through a trough reaching a low of 429 tonnes in 1977. Pdf growth, yield component and yield response of durum. Struikb a international center for agricultural research in the dry areas icarda, p. Ethiopia s wheat production, which was 1,6 million tons in 200304 season, reached to 3,1 million tons in 200910 season and 3,4 million tons in 2012 season. Institute of agricultural research and international maize and. Participatory evaluation and demonstration of bread wheat. Stripe yellow rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in the existing ethiopian durum wheat germplasm have enormous importance in enhancing breeding effort and for sustainable conservation. Evidence from major wheat producing regions of the country 1. Wheat diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in the subsaharan africa with about 0. The level and pattern of yield in ethiopia is compared to top 20 countries of strikingly high yield improvement globally. Most of the wheat grown in ethiopia is bread wheat. Ethiopia appears to be 31st in wheat production and 67th in wheat yield.
In spite of being the major source of the cereal on the continent, the country still relies heavily on imports because of the importance of the grain in local food. Oromiya avcpo of durum wheat, sinana agricultural research center is playing a vital role in durum wheat value chain, including the service provision to other research centers which are embarking in the durum wheat value chain. Wheat, is the name given to several plants in the genus triticum including triticum aestivum, triticum compactum, triticum spelta and triticum durum, which are annual or biennial grasses grown primarily for their grain. However, durum wheat did not originate solely in west asia. Therefore, identification of new sources of resistance genes helps in battling yellow rust and maximizes wheat production in ethiopia. Seventyfive percent of the wheat is grown in the regions of arsi, bale, and shoa. Analysis of price incentives for wheat in ethiopia. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis based. Isolates of puccinia triticina collected from durum wheat from argentina, chile, ethiopia, france, mexico, spain, and the united states were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat ssr markers in order to determine the genetic relationship among isolates. Although most of the wheat grown in ethiopia is bread wheat, there is some durum wheat which is often grown mixed with bread wheat. Other wheat classes include soft red winter, grown east of the mississippi river, and hard white wheat, which is used to make many whole wheat products.
Durum wheat triticum turgidum or pasta wheat compared with common bread wheat triticum. Pdf on jan 31, 2019, abera ishete tilahun and others published growth, yield component and yield response of durum wheat triticum turgidum l. Durum wheat grown in ethiopia is constituted by a few improved. Hence, 192 ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 landraces collected from major. Globally, nitrogen is considered as the second most limiting factor in the crop production and limits yield in nonfertilized agriculture.
Evaluation of the genetic variations in ethiopian durum. Nass publications cover a wide range of subjects, from traditional crops, such as corn and wheat, to specialties, such as mushrooms and flowers. Immediate opportunity to invest in a wheat processing plant. Ethiopias bread wheat and durum wheat value chains are strategically important to the government of ethiopia goe.